What is apical periodontitis?

Apical periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of periradicular tissues caused by aetiological agents of endodontic origin. Persistent apical periodontitis occurs when root canal treatment of apical periodontitis has not adequately eliminated intraradicular infection.

What is refractory apical periodontitis?

Mature bacteria biofilms were formed on the surface of the root apexes. At the 1-year recall visit, the radiograph and the clinic examination showed the refractory periapical periodontitis was cured successfully. Conclusions: The periapical bacterial biofilm may contribute to the refractory periapical periodontitis.

What is secondary apical periodontitis?

Secondary apical periodontitis results from a persistent infection of incorrectly treated root canals. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbiota present in primary and secondary intraradicular infections associated with apical periodontitis using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.

Is apical periodontitis reversible?

Diagnosis: reversible pulpitis; normal apical tissues. If the pulp is exposed, treatment would be non-surgical endodontic treatment followed by a permanent restoration such as a crown.

What is asymptomatic apical periodontitis?

Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis is inffammation and destruction of the apical periodontium that is of pulpal origin. It appears as an apical radiolucency and does not present clinical symptoms (no pain on percussion or palpation).

What are the signs and symptoms associated with symptomatic apical periodontitis Acute apical periodontitis?

By far, most cases of apical periodontitis are asymptomatic. Pain, tenderness to biting pressure, percussion or palpation as well as swellings are typical clinical expres- sions of symptomatic apical periodontitis (Fig. 7.2a,b). The symptoms may vary from mild to severe.

How is apical periodontitis diagnosis?

If no other diagnosis may explain the pain consider a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan. If an apical radiolucency is observed in the scan, then AP is diagnosed as present. If no bone destruction is seen in the CBCT scan, reconsider other diagnoses (Step 1 and 2) that may mimic the symptoms of AP.

Is apical periodontitis painful?

Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis represents inffammation, usually of the apical periodontium, producing clinical symptoms involving a painful response to biting and/or percussion or palpation.