What is Interpatient variability?
Interpatient variability was assessed by considering the median C trough irrespective of the number of samples for each patient. Intrapatient variability was determined in different groups of patients: First, for patients with >3 samples at trough and second for patients with >10 samples.
What does Interpatient mean?
Between patients
interpatient (not comparable) Between patients.
What is intra and inter patient variability?
The results show that intra-patient variation accounts for about 15.8% of the total variation, inter-patient variation accounts for about 84.2% of the total variation, and the coefficient of variation (CV) in intra-patient variation is 15.8%.
What are the four possible clinical consequences that may arise from inter patient variability?
These include effects due to drug formulation and changes in the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs.
What is inter and intra patient?
Although they look similar, the prefix intra- means “within” (as in happening within a single thing), while the prefix inter- means “between” (as in happening between two things).
What are the major sources of variability between individual patients in drug response?
A major source of this variability in drug response is drug metabolism, where differences in pre-systemic and systemic biotransformation efficiency result in variable degrees of systemic exposure (e.g., AUC, C max, and/or C min) following administration of a fixed dose.
What factors affect pharmacodynamics?
Factors Affecting Drug’s Pharmacodynamics
- A disorder or disease.
- Aging process.
- Other drugs.
What is Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics?
Biopharmaceutics is a major branch in pharmaceutical sciences which relates between the physicochemical properties of a drug in dosage form and the pharmacology, toxicology, or clinical response observed after its administration [7]. The plasma concentration of the drug is the basic concept of pharmacokinetics.
What is drug variability?
In general, variability arises because of inter-individual differences in rates of drug absorption, drug distribution and elimination, either by metabolism or excretion. Variability of drug response is also a consequence of a variety of drug interactions which may influence pharmacokinetic parameters.
What factors may cause variation in drug responsiveness?
Drug response can be impacted by several factors including diet, comorbidities, age, weight, drug–drug interactions, and genetics. Individual genetic variation in key genes involved in the metabolism, transport, or drug target can contribute to risk of adverse events108 or treatment failure.
What are the principles of pharmacodynamics?
Pharmacodynamic mechanisms regulate the effects of drugs on the human body. As noted earlier, drug-receptor binding results in multiple, complex chemical interactions. The site on the receptor at which a drug binds is called its binding site.