What is induced protoplast fusion?

Protoplast fusion may be induced by an electric field or chemically, by addition of 20–40% polyethylene glycol which results in protoplasts aggregation and dilution of polyethylene glycol which causes protoplast fusion. The somatic hybrid must be selected after fusion of the protoplasts.

Which is the chemical agent used for induction protoplast fusion?

Several chemicals have been used to induce protoplast fusion. Sodium nitrate (NaN03), polyethylene glycol (PEG), Calcium ions (Ca2+), Polyvinyl alcohol etc. are the most commonly used protoplast fusion inducing agents which are commonly known as chemical fusogens.

What is protoplast fusion methods?

Protoplast fusion is a physical method of fusion of somatic cells from different plant to form hybrid. Mixing of protoplasts of two different genomes and can be achieved by either spontaneous or induced fusion methods.

What is electrofusion in plant biotechnology?

Electrofusion normally comprises one alternating current (AC) pulse to induce alignment of the cell–oocyte couplets in a parallel position in relation to the fusion chamber electrodes, and one or more direct current (DC) pulses to induce cell membrane poration and fusion.

What is the role of PEG in protoplast fusion?

Several chemicals have been used successfully to induce fusion but the most successful and the one most widely used at the present time is polyethylene glycol (PEG). The effects of PEG are not specific and it will promote the aggregation and fusion of protoplasts from the same or different species.

What is protoplast fusion Slideshare?

METHODS OF PROTOPLAST FUSION  Protoplast fusion can be broadly classified into two categories- 1. Spontaneous fusion (fuse through their plasmodesmata) 2. Induced fusion (needs a fusion inducing chemicals):- a) Mechanical fusion b) Chemo fusion c) Electro fusion 1.

Which device is commonly used for mechanical type of induced protoplast fusion?

The isolated protoplast can be induced to fuse by three ways; Mechanical fusion:In this process the isolated protoplast are brought into intimate physical contact mechanically under microscope using micromanipulator or perfusion micropipette.

How many types of induced protoplast fusion can be done?

The isolated plant protoplasts can be induced to fuse by three ways: (i) Mechanical Fusion: ADVERTISEMENTS: In this process, the isolated protoplasts are brought into intimate physical contact mechanically under microscope using micromanipulator and perfusion micropipette.

Why peg is used in protoplast fusion?

What does the protoplast consists of?

The protoplast consists of the cytoplasm (the cytosol, and all the membrane-bounded organelles, as well as the non-organelle structural and functional components that help the cell function) and the nucleus (nucleoplasm and internal nuclear components, such as chromatin).

What are the disadvantages of protoplast fusion?

However, protoplast fusion has potential disadvantages, such as the requirement for multiple fusion and regeneration phases, a short time frame during which recombination can occur due to the necessity for protoplasts to regenerate their cell wall, and lastly the instability of recombinants.

What chemicals are used to induce protoplast fusion?

CHEMOFUSION  Several chemicals has been used to induce protoplast fusion such as sodium nitrate ,polyethylene glycol, Calcium ions.  Chemofusion is a non specific.  It is inexpensive.  can cause massive fusion product.  Disadvantages: It can be cytotoxic and non selecetive and having less fusion frequency. 9.

What are the different types of fusion in protoplasm?

METHODS OF PROTOPLAST FUSION  Protoplast fusion can be broadly classified into two categories: 1. Spontaneous fusion (fuse through their plasmodesmata) 2. Induced fusion (needs a fusion inducing chemicals): a) b) c) Mechanical fusion Chemofusion Electrofusion 7.

How are protoplasts induced to fuse?

Protoplasts are placed in to a small culture cell containing electrodes, and a potential difference is applied due to which protoplasts line up between the electrodes. If now an extremely short wave electric shock is applied, protoplasts can be induced to fuse.

What is indinduced fusion?

Induced fusion methods: Spontaneous fusion is of no value as fusion of protoplasts of different origins is required in somatic hybridization. To achieve this, a suitable agent (fusogen) is added to fuse the plant protoplasts of different origins.