What is Waddington epigenetic landscape?
In 1957, Conrad Hal Waddington published his famous drawing of the epigenetic landscape, which depicts how a cell progresses from an undifferentiated state to one of a number of discrete, distinct, differentiated cell fates during development [1].
What is epigenetic in nature?
Definition. Epigenetics is the study of molecular processes that influence the flow of information between a constant DNA sequence and variable gene expression patterns. This includes investigation of nuclear organization, DNA methylation, histone modification and RNA transcription.
What is epigenetic geology?
The adjective epigenetic is used for any geologic process occurring at or near the Earth’s surface, for minerals, rocks or deposits formed later than the enclosing or associated rocks. Epigenetic is contrasted with syngenetic; the synonyms are epigene, epigenic.
Is epigenetic environmental?
Epigenetic modifications are induced by the environment in the broad sense: the cell constantly receives all kinds of signals informing it about its environment, so that it specializes during development, or adjusts its activity to the situation (see Epigenetics, the Genome and its Environment).
What are epigenetic mechanisms?
Epigenetics is defined as a mechanism for the stable maintenance of gene expression that involves physically ‘marking’ DNA or its associated proteins, which allows genotypically identical cells to be phenotypically distinct. Epigenetic marking of the genome can take several forms.
What are the 2 common mechanisms of epigenetics?
Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding ribonucleic acid regulation.
What are the epigenetic mechanisms?
Epigenetic mechanisms are important regulators of gene expression that establish potentially heritable changes in gene expression without altering the underlying nucleotide sequence. These mechanisms include CpG methylation, chromatin remodeling, and regulatory ncRNAs.
What is the epigenetic landscape?
Devised in the 1940s by the biologist C. H. Waddington, the epigenetic landscape is a metaphor for how gene regulation modulates cellular development.
How does stress affect the epigenetic landscape?
Studies over the past two decades have demonstrated that stress alters the epigenetic landscape in several brain regions relevant for depressive-like behavior in rodents.
What are transient epigenetic marks and why are they important?
Just like with dendritic spines where the thin spines serve as a scaffold to create more mature spines, transient epigenetic marks can set a series of events in place that help to consolidate information permanently only if the stimulus is incredibly salient or encountered repeatedly over long periods of time.