What is the endosymbiotic theory in simple terms?
The Endosymbiotic Theory states that the mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells were once aerobic bacteria (prokaryote) that were ingested by a large anaerobic bacteria (prokaryote). This theory explains the origin of eukaryotic cells.
What are the steps of the endosymbiotic theory?
Terms in this set (6)
- Prokaryotic cell membrane folded into cytoplasm.
- Nuclear membrane, endoplasmic recticulum, and golgi body are now independent of external membrane.
- Ancestoral eukaryote engulfed, but did not kill prokaryote.
- The prokaryote survived inside the eukaryote and each evolved a dependence of each other.
What is an example of the endosymbiont theory?
A common example of the endosymbiont living within the cells of the host is that of bacteria in the cells of insects. The cells of cockroaches contain bacteria, and cockroaches exhibit slowed development if the bacteria are killed with antibiotics.
What is the endosymbiotic theory is used to explain?
The endosymbiotic theory explains the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Before mitochondria and chloroplasts were organelles in a cell, they were free prokaryotic cells that were absorbed by eukaryotic cells. After being absorbed by a eukaryotic cell, it developed a symbiotic relationship with its host cell.
How does a cilium differ from a flagellum?
Cilia and flagella are cell organelles having similar structure but differ in their function and length. Cilia has slender, microscopic, short hair like structure whereas flagella have long hair like filamentous cytoplasmic complex structure. Both are the most common organelles and have locomotive structures.
How do ribosomes support the endosymbiotic theory?
The ribosomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts also resemble the smaller ribosomes of bacteria, and not the large eukaryotic ribosomes. This is more evidence that the DNA originated inside of the organelles, and is separate completely from the eukaryotic DNA. This is consistent with endosymbiotic theory.
Why mitochondria is called endosymbiont?
Mitochondria are regarded as organelles rather than endosymbionts because mitochondria and the host cells share some parts of their genome, undergo mitosis simultaneously, and provide each other means to produce energy.
Did eukaryotes evolve from prokaryotes?
Eukaryotic cells probably evolved about 2 billion years ago. Their evolution is explained by endosymbiotic theory. Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic organisms. Eukaryotic cells would go on to evolve into the diversity of eukaryotes we know today.
What is the difference between endosymbiont and endosymbiosis?
Symbiosis pertains to a close and long-term relationship between organisms of different species. Endosymbiosis is a form of symbiosis wherein the symbiont lives within the body of its host and the symbiont in an endosymbiosis is called an endosymbiont.
What is the benefit to the endosymbiont?
The host ciliate was suggested to benefit from its symbiotic association, in which the endosymbiotic algae enhance host growth under low-food [19] and higher-light [4] conditions and enable host survival under starvation conditions [19, 20].
Which of the following best describes an endosymbiont?
Which of the following best describes an endosymbiont? A cell that lives within another cell. The theory of endosymbiosis best explains: How eukaryotic cells evolved from a prokaryotic cell engulfing another prokaryotic cell.
What is the function of the primary cilium?
Primary cilia project in a single copy from the surface of most vertebrate cell types; they detect and transmit extracellular cues to regulate diverse cellular processes during development and to maintain tissue homeostasis.